**1. Guardrail Applications and Types:** – Guard rails are installed in public spaces and buildings to prevent accidental falls. – Different materials like stainless steel cables and glass panels are used for guard rails. – Safety guardrails in industrial workplaces are primarily made of fabricated steel. – Various types of steel, such as box beam steel and I-beam steel, are used for safety guardrails. – Guard rails are also used in architectural designs to prevent accidents and suicides. – Guard rails are placed along hiking trails, scenic overlooks, observation towers, and bridges for safety. – Guard rails find applications in technology contexts for security measures. – Steel guardrails come in different grades suited for various applications based on factors like vehicle size, traffic volume, and area risk. – Polymer guardrails offer enhanced visibility and impact dispersal for safety. **2. Guardrail Design and Standards:** – Building codes mandate specific requirements for guard rail openings. – Workplace safety regulations mandate guardrails for elevated work areas. – Guardrail systems in industrial facilities control vehicular traffic and protect against property damage and harm to personnel. – Guardrail height and design considerations are essential for controlling vehicle traffic and preventing trip hazards. – Guard rails on observation towers and bridges are mandated by building codes. – Guard rails are implemented in various technological settings to enhance safety and security measures. – BSI published PAS 13:2017 for safety barrier impact resilience testing guidelines. – Manufacturers of guardrails test products at varying impact levels for safety compliance. – ProGMA is working with ANSI to develop an industry testing standard for both steel and polymer guardrails. **3. Automotive and Traffic Safety:** – Highway guardrails prevent vehicles from hitting roadside obstacles or veering into oncoming traffic. – Different types of guardrails like Blocked-Out W-beam and Midwest Guardrail System are used on highways. – Guardrails function as a system with posts, rail connection, and end anchors playing crucial roles in impact resistance. – Pedestrian railings in cities and close safety barriers can increase chances of injury. – Removal of pedestrian railings in some UK councils is part of the shared space paradigm in urban design. **4. Maintenance and Repair of Guardrails:** – Steel guardrails may permanently deform upon impact, requiring repair or replacement. – Polymer guardrails offer flexibility to bend on impact without damage. – Guardrails need regular inspection for damage and wear to ensure continued safety. – Proper maintenance extends the lifespan of safety guardrails. **5. Regulations and Standards for Guardrails:** – BSI’s PAS 13:2017 provides guidelines for safety barrier testing in workplace environments. – ProGMA is collaborating with ANSI to establish industry-endorsed testing standards. – Guardrail systems must meet specific impact resilience criteria for compliance. – Regular updates and revisions to safety standards help improve guardrail quality and performance.