Types of Concrete Mixes – Mix design depends on project requirements, strength, appearance, and local regulations. – Factors considered include cost of additives and aggregates, slump for mixing and placement, and performance. – Mix design includes cement, coarse and fine aggregates, water, and chemical admixtures, with specified mixing method and conditions. – Ingredients vary based on the application, with pre-mixed options available. – A typical concrete batch includes Portland cement, dry sand, dry stone, and water. – High-strength concrete has a compressive strength greater than 40 MPa (6000 psi). – Stamped concrete is an architectural concrete with a superior surface finish. – High-performance concrete (HPC) exceeds common application standards, not limited to strength. – Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has compressive strengths exceeding 150 MPa, possibly exceeding 250 MPa. – Micro-reinforced UHPC utilizes continuous, multi-layered, three-dimensional micro-steel mesh. – Low-density structural concrete uses ceramic aggregates with a density below that of water. – Self-consolidating concrete is cohesive and flowable without mechanical compaction. – Vacuum concrete is produced by creating a vacuum inside a concrete mixing truck using steam. – Shotcrete uses compressed air to shoot concrete onto or into a frame or structure. – Limecrete utilizes lime as a binder instead of Portland cement. – Glass concrete incorporates recycled glass as aggregate. – Asphalt concrete uses bituminous materials as the binder. – Rapid strength concrete develops high resistance within a few hours. – Rubberized concrete incorporates rubber for improved durability and flexibility. – Nanoconcrete contains Portland cement particles no greater than 100 μm. – Foam concrete is a lightweight and highly insulating material. – Air-entrained concrete incorporates tiny air bubbles for enhanced workability and durability. – Engineered cementitious composite is a bendable concrete with enhanced flexibility. – Ferrocement is a reinforced mortar or plaster system with high strength and durability. – Ready-mix concrete is manufactured in batch plants according to engineered mix design. Historic Concrete Composition – Ancient concrete, like Roman concrete, used volcanic ash and hydrated lime. – Roman concrete was superior to other recipes and they also invented hydraulic concrete. – Composition stone and artificial stone are terms used for lime-cemented concretes. – The term ‘artificial stone’ encompasses various human-made stones, including cemented concretes. High-Strength Concrete – High-strength concrete has a compressive strength greater than 40 MPa (6000 psi). – In the UK, high-strength concrete is defined as having a compressive strength class higher than C50/60. – Low water-cement ratio (W/C) and silica fume are used to achieve high strength. – Superplasticizers are added to compensate for reduced workability. – Careful selection of aggregate is crucial to prevent failure in high-strength concrete. Stamped Concrete and High-Performance Concrete – Stamped concrete is an architectural concrete with a superior surface finish. – High-performance concrete (HPC) exceeds common application standards, not limited to strength. – HPC can be self-consolidating and compact without segregation. – HPC exhibits early age strength, long-term mechanical properties, and low permeability. – Other properties include density, heat of hydration, toughness, volume stability, and durability in severe environments. – HPC develops a strength greater than 50 MPa (7,300 psi) at specified days and requires well-graded aggregates, cement, fly ash, water-reducing admixtures, and silica fume. Other Concrete Types – Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has compressive strengths exceeding 150 MPa, possibly exceeding 250 MPa. – Micro-reinforced UHPC utilizes continuous, multi-layered, three-dimensional micro-steel mesh. – Low-density structural concrete uses ceramic aggregates with a density below that of water. – Self-consolidating concrete is cohesive and flowable without mechanical compaction. – Vacuum concrete is produced by creating a vacuum inside a concrete mixing truck using steam. – Shotcrete uses compressed air to shoot concrete onto or into a frame or structure. – Limecrete utilizes lime as a binder instead of Portland cement. – Glass concrete incorporates recycled glass as aggregate. – Asphalt concrete uses bituminous materials as the binder. – Rapid strength concrete develops high resistance within a few hours. – Rubberized concrete incorporates rubber for improved durability and flexibility. – Nanoconcrete contains Portland cement particles no greater than 100 μm. – Foam concrete is a lightweight and highly insulating material. – Air-entrained concrete incorporates tiny air bubbles for enhanced workability and durability. – Engineered cementitious composite is a bendable concrete with enhanced flexibility. – Ferrocement is a reinforced mortar or plaster system with high strength and durability. – Ready-mix concrete is manufactured in batch plants according to engineered mix design.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_concrete